Byzantique

Luke 8

12 notes
Text · Luke 8

Some Women Accompany Jesus

1Soon afterward Jesus was going through every city and village, preaching and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom of God. The twelve were with him, 2as well as some women who had been healed of aevil spirits and infirmities: Mary (called Magdalene) from whom seven demons had gone out, 3Joanna the wife of Chuza (Herod's steward), Susanna, and many others. These women provided for Jesus band his disciples out of their own resources.

The Parable of the Sower

4As a large crowd was gathering and people were coming to Jesus from town after town, he said in a parable: 5“A sower went out to sow his seed. As he sowed, some seed fell along the path and was trampled underfoot, and the birds of the sky devoured it. 6Other seed fell on rock, and as it grew up, it withered away because it had no moisture. 7Other seed fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew up with it and choked it. 8But other seed fell cinto good soil, and when it grew, it produced a hundred times more than what was sown.” As he said this, he called out, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”

The Purpose of Speaking in Parables

9Then his disciples asked him, “What does this parable mean?” 10He said, “To you it has been given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God, but to the rest I speak in parables, so that ‘they may see but not perceive, and hear but not understand.’

The Parable of the Sower Explained

11“Now this is the meaning of the parable: The seed is the word of God. 12The ones along the path are those who hear; then the devil comes and takes away the word from their heart, so that they may not believe and be saved. 13The ones on the rock are those who, when they hear the word, receive it with joy. Yet they have no root; they believe for a while, but in a time of testing they fall away. 14The seed that fell among the thorns are those who have heard, but as they go on their way they are choked by the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life, and their fruit does not mature. 15But the seed in the good soil are those who hear the word, hold fast to it with an honest and good heart, and bear fruit with patient endurance.

A Lamp Under a Container

16d“No one lights a lamp and covers it with a container or puts it under a bed. Instead, it is put on a lampstand, so that those who come in can see its light. 17For nothing is hidden that will not be made manifest, nor is anything hidden away that will enot be made known and come to light. 18Therefore consider how you hear, for whoever has will be given more, but whoever does not have, even what he thinks he has will be taken away from him.”

Jesus' Mother and Brothers

19Then Jesus' fmother and brothers came to him, but they were not able to reach him because of the crowd. 20So some people told him, “Yoʋr mother and yoʋr brothers are standing outside, wanting to see yoʋ.” 21But he answered them, “My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and obey it.”

Jesus Calms a Storm

22One day Jesus got into a boat with his disciples and said to them, “Let us cross over to the other side of the lake.” So they set out, 23and as they were sailing along, he fell asleep. Then a windstorm came down on the lake, and they were in danger as the boat was being swamped by the waves. 24So they came to Jesus and woke him up, saying, “Master, Master, we are perishing!” Then he grose and rebuked the wind and the raging water. They ceased, and all was calm. 25Then he said to his disciples, “Where is your faith?” But they were afraid and amazed, saying to one another, “Who then is this, that he commands even the winds and the water, and they obey him?”

Jesus Heals a Demon-Possessed Man

26Then hthey sailed to the region of the iGadarenes, which is across the lake from Galilee. 27When Jesus stepped ashore, he was met by a man from the city who jhad been possessed by demons for a long time. This man did not wear clothes or live in a house but among the tombs. 28When he saw Jesus, he cried out, fell down before him, and said with a loud voice, “What do yoʋ have to do with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg yoʋ, do not torment me.” 29For Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. Many times it had seized him, and he would be bound with chains and shackles and kept under guard, but he would break the chains and be driven by the demon into desolate places. 30Jesus then asked him, “What is yoʋr name?” He said, “Legion,” for many demons had entered him. 31And khe begged Jesus not to command them to go away into the abyss.

32Now there was a herd of many pigs feeding there on the mountain. The demons begged Jesus to permit them to enter the pigs. So he gave them permission. 33Then the demons came out of the man and went into the pigs, and the herd rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned.

34When those who had been feeding the pigs saw what happened, they ran loff and reported it in the city and in the countryside. 35So the people came out to see what had happened. When they came to Jesus, they found the man from whom the demons had gone out sitting at Jesus' feet, clothed and in his right mind, and they were afraid. 36Those who had seen it told them how the demon-possessed man had been delivered. 37Then the entire multitude from the surrounding region of the mGadarenes asked Jesus to depart from them, for they were seized with great fear. So he got into nthe boat and left. 38Now the man from whom the demons had gone out begged to go with him. But Jesus sent him away, saying, 39“Return to yoʋr house, and declare all that God has done for yoʋ.” So the man went away, proclaiming throughout the entire city all that Jesus had done for him.

A Girl Restored to Life and a Woman Healed

40Now when Jesus returned, the crowd welcomed him, for they had all been waiting for him. 41And behold, there came a man named Jairus, who was a ruler of the synagogue. He fell down at Jesus' feet and begged him to come to his house, 42because he had an only daughter, about twelve years old, and she was dying.

As Jesus went on his way, the crowds were pressing in on him. 43Now there was a woman who had suffered from a flow of blood for twelve oyears, and even though she had spent her entire livelihood on physicians, she could not be healed by anyone. 44She came up behind Jesus and touched the fringe of his garment, and the flow of her blood stopped at once. 45Then Jesus said, “Who touched me?” When everyone denied it, Peter pand those who were with him said, “Master, the crowds are surrounding yoʋ and pressing against qyoʋ, and yet yoʋ say, ‘Who touched me?’ ” 46But Jesus said, “Someone touched me, for I know that power has gone out from me.” 47When the woman saw that she could not escape notice, she came trembling and fell down before him, and in the presence of all the people she rtold him the reason why she had touched him, and how she had been healed at once. 48Then Jesus said to her, “ sTake courage, daughter; yoʋr faith has healed yoʋ. Go in peace.”

49While he was still speaking, someone came from the ruler of the synagogue's house and said tto him, “Yoʋr daughter has died; do not trouble the uteacher.” 50But when Jesus heard this, he said to him in response, “Do not be afraid; just believe, and she will be healed.” 51When he came to the house, Jesus vallowed no one to go in, except Peter, wJohn, James, and the child's father and mother. 52Meanwhile, all the people were weeping and mourning for her, but Jesus said, “Do not xweep; she is not dead but sleeping.” 53And they began laughing at him, knowing that she was dead. 54But Jesus yput them all outside, took hold of the girl's hand, and called out, “Child, arise!” 55Her spirit returned, and she got up at once. Then he told them to give her something to eat. 56Her parents were amazed, but he ordered them not to tell anyone what had happened.

Textual notes
  • a 8:2 evil spirits ¦ diseases, afflictions, evil spirits, ANT
  • b 8:3 and his disciples 𝔐pt ¦ — 𝔐pt ANT PCK TR
  • c 8:8 into ¦ on TR
  • d 8:16 “No 𝔐pt ¦ As he said this he called out, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear. No 𝔐pt PCK
  • e 8:17 not ¦ certainly not CT
  • f 8:19 mother and brothers came to him, ¦ mother came to him, along with his brothers, CT
  • g 8:24 rose ¦ woke up CT
  • h 8:26 they ¦ he ANT
  • i 8:26 Gadarenes ¦ Gerasenes CT
  • j 8:27 had been possessed by demons for a long time. This man did not wear clothes or live 97.9% ¦ was possessed by demons. For a long time this man had not worn clothes or lived CT 0.8%
  • k 8:31 he ¦ they CT SCR
  • l 8:34 off ¦ off, went away, TR
  • m 8:37 Gadarenes ¦ Gerasenes CT
  • n 8:37 the ¦ a CT
  • o 8:43 years, and even though she had spent her entire livelihood on physicians, she ¦ years and WH
  • p 8:45 and those who were with him ¦ — NA SBL WH
  • q 8:45 yoʋ, and yet yoʋ say, ‘Who touched me?’ ¦ yoʋ. CT
  • r 8:47 told him ¦ declared CT
  • s 8:48 Take courage, daughter; ¦ Daughter, CT
  • t 8:49 to him ¦ — CT
  • u 8:49 teacher ¦ teacher any further CT
  • v 8:51 allowed no one to go in ¦ did not allow anyone to go in with him CT
  • w 8:51 John, James ¦ James, John TR
  • x 8:52 weep; 88.5% ¦ weep, for CT 11.3%
  • y 8:54 put them all outside, took hold of the girl's hand, ¦ took hold of the girl's hand CT
Commentary
Range Luke 8:22–56

A series of of accounts demonstrates Jesus' power over nature / primordial chaos:

Verse Luke 8:22

Jesus and his disciples are crossing "over to the other side of the lake" to "the region of the Gadarenes, which is across the lake from Galilee" (v. 26). This was part of ancient Gilead (see note on Gadarenes).

Range Luke 8:23–25

As they are entering the territory of another god (Jesus' authority over/in Gentile Gilead is a motif which abounds throughout this set of accounts), "a windstorm came down on the lake, and they were in danger as the boat was being swamped by the waves." This could be viewed as an attack from the regional deity (and Jesus will soon encounter unclean spirits, who also recognize his authority).

Jesus demonstrates his authority and reign as his kingdom breaks into the Gentile region of Gilead (see also Psalm 106(107):28–30).

Verse Luke 8:26

Gadarenes

Jesus and his disciples "sailed to the region of the Gadarenes, which is across the lake from Galilee." This is also known as "Gerasenes" or "Gergesenes," and refers to the city of Gerasa (which is modern Jerash, Jordan), where he encountered "a man from the city who had been possessed by demons for a long time" (v. 27). This was part of ancient Gilead.

Verse Luke 8:26

GRCBYZ (ANT) here has the third-person singular verb κατέπλευσεν (katepleusen, "he sailed down"), whereas almost all other compared editions have the third-person plural form of this verb (κατέπλευσαν / katepleusan). Even so, third-person singular verbs can take plural subjects, and v. 22 indicates his disciples were with him in the boat.

Verse Luke 8:28

Son of the Most High

The demons recognize Jesus by name and refer to him as "Son of the Most High God," using a title that reflects the Old Testament's language about God as the "Most High" (ὕψιστος / hypsistos)1 and thus acknowledges Jesus' unique authority over the spiritual realm.

Jesus demonstrated his authority over these demons as the "Son of the Most High God," despite this being Gentile territory (that would have been apportioned to another "god"; see note on Deuteronomy 32:8).

Range Luke 8:40–56

Both accounts (and the preceding encounter with the Gadarene demoniac) involve Jesus coming into contact with things that cause ritual impurity (menstruating woman, death). But instead of himself becoming unclean, Jesus brings healing and Life to everyone with whom He comes into contact.

Verse Luke 8:41

Jairus

The name Jairus is a possible allusion to Jair (Judges 10:3–5). Interestingly, Jair was a Gileadite (the land Jesus just returned from),1 and the next judge, Jephthah, has some interesting parallels/reversals to this account (albeit, it feel like a stretch but I found it interesting nonetheless).

Heiser noted similarities between Jephthah's tragedy and Jesus' raising of Jairus' daughter in this pericope.2 Notable examples include:

  • Name similarity: Jair vs. Jairus (except that the main connection is actually with Jepthah).

  • Gilead connection: Jair (and Jepthah) was a Gileadite, Jesus just returned from ancient Gilead.

  • Only daughter: Both Jephthah's and Jairus' only daughter is the one who dies.

  • Reversal of outcome: Whereas Jephthah's daughter dies due to his own foolishness, Jesus raises Jairus' daughter from the dead.

  • 1See note on Luke 8:26.
  • 2Michael Heiser, I dare you not to bore me with the Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), locs. 637–681 (Kindle edition).
Range Luke 8:42–48

Twelve years

The healing of the "suffered from a flow of blood for twelve years" (v. 43) is interjected in the middle of the account of Jesus healing Jairus' daughter.

The woman in the crowd has been bleeding for the entire lifespan of Jairus' daughter: 12 years (v. 42). The number itself of course has additional symbolism, and everyone in these accounts has been waiting for Jesus (see also v. 40).

Verse Luke 8:43

The woman "had spent her entire livelihood on physicians, she could not be healed by anyone."

Her misery is thus threefold: she has no more possessions, she has lost her health, and her ritual impurity has separated her from God and from other people. In this condition she nevertheless dares to hope and to trust in Jesus. The stereotypical formula, "your faith has saved you," has a sociological functional setting in the early Christian church: the woman with the discharge of blood is the symbol of people who would like to be accepted by the church. With this formula, and with the telling of such miracle stories, the early church, in contrast to the synagogue, emphasizes its conviction that God will not keep such people at a distance. Unlike God's law regarding the sanctuary (Lev 15:31), Jesus as the representative of God does not subject such people with discharges of blood to the danger of death. On the contrary, a healing power streams forth from him that restores life (v. 46). The instant healing (παραχρῆμα, "immediately," v. 44, is repeated in the conclusion in v. 47) shows divine agreement and the new definition of faith.1

  • 1François Bovon and Helmut Koester, Luke 1: A Commentary on the Gospel of Luke 1:1–9:50, Hermeneia—A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2002), 338.
Verse Luke 8:44

Tassel

She "touched the fringe of his cloak." "Fringe" here is κράσπεδον (kraspedon), which may refer to the "tassel (צִיצִת) which an Israelite was obligated to wear on the four corners of his outer garment."1

Verse Luke 8:48

Daughter

Jesus refers to the woman as "daughter" despite likely being younger than her, further emphasizing the daughter motif in this pericope.

New Testament text: Text-Critical English New Testament (TCENT) — © Robert Adam Boyd, CC BY 4.0. Texts & Translations →