Gifts of the Holy Spirit
The Hebrew MT has 3 pairs of attributes (for a total of 6) describing the Spirit of God, whereas the Greek LXX has 7. The "fear of God" is also mentioned twice in the MT (vv. 2-3), but only once in the LXX.
The spirit of:
| Greek LXX | ENGLXXUP | Hebrew MT | WEB |
|---|---|---|---|
| σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως (sophias kai syneseōs) |
"wisdom and understanding" | חָכְמָ֣ה וּבִינָ֗ה (ḥokmâ ûbînâ) |
"wisdom and understanding" |
| βουλῆς καὶ ἰσχύος (boulēs kai ischyos) |
"counsel and strength" | ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה֙ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה (rûaḥ ʿēṣâ ûgəbûrâ) |
"counsel and might" |
| γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας ἐμπλήσει αὐτὸν (gnōseōs kai eusebeias emplēsei auton) |
"knowledge and godliness shall fill him" | דַּ֖עַת (daʿat) | "knowledge" |
| φόβου Θεοῦ (phobou THeou) |
"the fear of God" | יִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָֽה (yirʾat yhwh) |
"fear of Yahweh" |
The LXX reading provides the basis for the Latin scholastic understanding of 7 gifts of the Holy Spirit.
Later still it will provide the textual basis for the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit (sacrum septenarium) developed in the West by Augustine, Gregory the Great, and Thomas Aquinas on the basis of LXX, which adds piety (eusebeia cf. Vulg. spiritus pietatis) to make seven.1
- 1Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1–39: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. 19, Anchor Yale Bible (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 264. Cf. also St. Ambrose, On the Holy Spirit 1.16. Cf. also St. Ambrose, On the Holy Spirit 1.16.